He chose to study zoology in the expectation that fieldwork would give him the chance of an outdoor life and enable him to make use of his artistic talents. [86], Nansen's first task on his return was to write his account of the voyage. Alas! He was later able to apply this expertise to the problems of polar travel, in both his Greenland and his Fram expeditions. [75], It soon became clear this land was part of an archipelago. #Fall #Fighting #Love Is He married twice, the second time to Adelaide Johanne Thekla Isidore Bølling Wedel-Jarlsberg from Bærum, a niece of Herman Wedel-Jarlsberg who had helped frame the Norwegian constitution of 1814 and was later the Swedish king's Norwegian Viceroy. [149] He supported a settlement of the post-war reparations issue and championed Germany's membership of the League, which was granted in September 1926 after intensive preparatory work by Nansen. FRIDTJOF NANSEN (1861 - 1930) 1922 Nobel Peace Prize The sheer range of his accomplishments was astonishing. [139][140] Nansen donated the prize money to international relief efforts.[9]. His son, Hans Leierdahl Nansen (1764–1821), was a magistrate first in the Trondheim district, later in Jæren. His name is commemorated in numerous geographical features, particularly in the polar regions. Rooted deep in the nature of every one of us is the spirit of adventure, the call of the wild—vibrating under all our actions, making life deeper and higher and nobler. They were forced to winter at the settlement of Godthåb (Nuuk), where Nansen took the opportunity to study the Eskimos and gather material for his book Eskimoliv (1891; Eskimo Life). [42], Experienced polar explorers were dismissive: Adolphus Greely called the idea "an illogical scheme of self-destruction". [58] With this in mind, he began to practice dog-driving, making many experimental journeys over the ice. He made his idea public in February 1890, at a meeting of the newly formed Norwegian Geographical Society. Im Alter von 27 Jahren hatte Fridtjof Nansen bereits seinen Doktortitel mit einer Arbeit über das menschliche zentrale Nervensystem erlangt und leitete die erste Grönlanddurchquerung auf Skiern. Fridtjof Nansen was a polar explorer, scientist, diplomat, and even a Nobel Peace Prize laureate. Sverdrup constructed a makeshift boat out of parts of the sledges, willows, and their tent. A party setting out from the inhabited west coast would, he reasoned, have to make a return trip, as no ship could be certain of reaching the dangerous east coast and picking them up. Swimming and fishing were the main activities during the short, … Fridtjof Nansen was a famous Norwegian explorer, who was born on October 10, 1861. The two were equally astonished by their encounter; after some awkward hesitation Jackson asked: "You are Nansen, aren't you? [103] It seemed, early in the 20th century that agreement between the two countries might be possible, but hopes were dashed when negotiations broke down in February 1905. On his return to Oslo he was laid up for several months, with influenza and later phlebitis, and was visited on his sickbed by King Haakon VII. Nansen recorded their latitude as 86°13′6″N—almost three degrees beyond the previous record—and decided to turn around and head back south.[68]. "[37], Hvidbjørnen reached Copenhagen on 21 May 1889. [155], Nansen largely avoided involvement in domestic Norwegian politics, but in 1924 he was persuaded by the long-retired former Prime Minister Christian Michelsen to take part in a new anti-communist political grouping, the Fatherland League. [86], The homeward voyage to Christiania was a series of triumphant receptions at every port. Institutions and Societies from many countries had to wait their turn for him to come and give lectures about his experiences. The interest and enthusiasm generated by the expedition's achievement led directly to the formation that year of the Norwegian Geographical Society. Already famous world-wide as the Norwegian, who had explored areas of the frozen arctic, Nansen became the first High Commissioner for Refugees appointed by the League of Nations. In February 1930, aged 68, he took a short break in the mountains with two old friends, who noted that Nansen was slower than usual and appeared to tire easily. Previous expeditions, he argued, approached the North Pole from the west and failed because they were working against the prevailing east–west current; the secret was to work with the current. They continued climbing until 11 September and reached a height of 2,719 metres (8,921 ft) above sea level. [8] Nansen's sporting prowess continued to develop; at 18 he broke the world one-mile (1.6 km) skating record, and in the following year won the national cross-country skiing championship, a feat he would repeat on 11 subsequent occasions. [12] From water samples he showed that, contrary to previous assumption, sea ice forms on the surface of the water rather than below. [113], In 1909 Nansen combined with Bjørn Helland-Hansen to publish an academic paper, The Norwegian Sea: its Physical Oceanography, based on the Michael Sars voyage of 1900. Born in Store Frøen, not far from the Norwegian capital, Fridtjof Nansen first became known for his polar expeditions and his related scientific discoveries. However, these plans remained on the drawing board.[98]. [182], Just a life – the story of Fridtjof Nansen was released, a 1968 Norwegian/Soviet biographical film with Knut Wigert as Nansen. With the coast still 20 kilometres (12 mi) away, Nansen decided to launch the small boats. Roald Amundsen found the South Pole. They spent most time camping on the ice itself—it was too dangerous to launch the boats. In June 1881, USS Jeannette was crushed and sunk off the Siberian coast—the opposite side of the Arctic Ocean. https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/229370.Fridtjof_Nansen All had experience of outdoor life in extreme conditions, and were experienced skiers. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Fridtjof-Nansen, Fram Museum - Fridtjof Nansen (1861-1930), The Nobel Foundation - Biography of Fridtjof Nansen, Fridtjof Nansen - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Fridtjof Wedel-Jarlsberg Nansen was a Norwegian explorer, scientist, diplomat, humanitarian and Nobel Peace Prize laureate. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. At one point Nansen seriously considered leading a South Pole expedition himself, and asked Colin Archer to design two ships. Although scientific work was always closest to his heart, he first attained fame as an explorer. Otto Sverdrup, who took part in Nansen's earlier Greenland expedition was appointed as the expedition's second-in-command. As a young man he embraced the revolution in skiing methods that transformed it from a means of winter travel to a universal sport, and quickly became one of Norway's leading skiers. Betrieben wird das Schiff vom Havforskningsinstituttet. Simultaneously there were thousands, nay millions of unemployed. He was famous for the innovation and development of arctic expeditions and the first one to crossing Greenland on cross-country skees between 1893 and 1896. His ship, Fram (i.e., “Forward”; now preserved outside Oslo), was built according to his ideas. Hans Nansen (1598–1667), a trader, was an early explorer of the White Sea region of the Arctic Ocean. [127], On the outbreak of war in 1914, Norway declared its neutrality, alongside Sweden and Denmark. The remaining places went to Otto Sverdrup, a former sea-captain who had more recently worked as a forester; Oluf Christian Dietrichson, an army officer, and Kristian Kristiansen, an acquaintance of Sverdrup's. By 19 November, Fram's latitude was south of that at which she had entered the ice. If you remember how cool Aristotle as a philosopher, then you must know Fridtjof Nansen because he was also a Doctor in philosophy. In 1913 Nansen traveled through the Barents Sea and the Kara Sea to the mouth of the Yenisey River and back through Siberia. He is perhaps most famous for his attempt to reach the geographical North Pole during the Fram Expedition (1893-1896). Nevertheless, he continued to publish occasional papers. They sighted the Greenland coast a week later, but thick pack ice hindered progress. [54] Nevertheless, Cape Chelyuskin, the most northerly point of the Eurasian continental mass, was passed on 10 September. On 31 May, Nansen calculated they were only 50 nautical miles (93 km; 58 mi) from Cape Fligely, Franz Josef Land's northernmost point. "[89], During the 20 years following his return from the Arctic, Nansen devoted most of his energies to scientific work. He left before knowing the outcome of this process. During 1896–1917 he devoted most of his time and energy to scientific work. [48], Nansen selected a party of twelve from thousands of applicants. [31] The last ship was due to leave Christianhaab by mid-September. Known for his innovations in Arctic expeditions, Nansen led the first crossing of Greenland on cross-country skis. [38] Nansen's main task in the following weeks was writing his account of the expedition, but he found time late in June to visit London, where he met the Prince of Wales (the future Edward VII), and addressed a meeting of the Royal Geographical Society (RGS). [114] Nansen had by now retired from polar exploration, the decisive step being his release of Fram to fellow Norwegian Roald Amundsen, who was planning a North Pole expedition. [157] He was the headline speaker at the single largest Fatherland League rally with 15,000 attendees in Tønsberg in 1928. The rest of the party, according to Nansen, "hailed the change of plan with acclamation."[32]. Now remains only one path, the way forward, perhaps through difficulties and hardships, but forward for our country, to a free Norway". The Fridtjof Nansen class is a Norwegian class of frigates built in Spain. Fridtjof Nansen was born in Store Froen near Oslo, the son of Baldur Nansen, a lawyer known for his strong sense of duty. [150], Nansen's League of Nations commitments through the 1920s meant that he was mostly absent from Norway, and was able to devote little time to scientific work. From then on the downward slope made travelling easier. All five ships are named after Norwegian explorers. To overcome this, Nansen devised a document that became known as the "Nansen passport", a form of identity for stateless persons that was in time recognised by more than 50 governments, and which allowed refugees to cross borders legally. Later, neuroscientist Santiago Ramón y Cajal won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his research on the same subject. In 1922, the Norwegian Fridtjof Nansen became the first High Commissioner for Refugees appointed by the League of Nations. In 1910 he made a cruise in the Fridtjof through the northeastern North Atlantic; in 1912 he visited the Spitsbergen waters on board his own yacht Veslemoy; and in 1914 he joined B. Helland-Hansen on an oceanographic cruise to the Azores in the Armauer Hansen. [173], Numerous geographical features bear his name: the Nansen Basin and the Nansen-Gakkel Ridge in the Arctic Ocean;[174] Mount Nansen in the Yukon region of Canada;[175] Mount Nansen,[176] Mount Fridtjof Nansen[177] and Nansen Island,[178] all in Antarctica; as well as Nansen Island in the Kara Sea, Nansen Land in Greenland and Nansen Island in Franz Josef Land; 853 Nansenia, an asteroid;[179] Nansen[180] crater at the Moon's north pole and Nansen[181] crater on Mars. He had been persuaded by his government to rescind his resignation until after King Edward's state visit to Norway in April 1908. On their way to Spitsbergen they encountered Frederick Jackson and his party of the Jackson-Harmsworth expedition, on June 17, and returned to Norway in his ship Windward, reaching Vardø on August 13. [96] Although Nansen refused to meet his own countryman and fellow-explorer Carsten Borchgrevink (whom he considered a fraud),[97] he gave advice to Robert Falcon Scott on polar equipment and transport, prior to the 1901–04 Discovery expedition. He participated in the establishment of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea and for some time directed the council’s central laboratory in Kristiania. Wenig später führte er dann eine 25-monatige Expedition im Arktischen Ozean an, bei der er sich so nah an den Nordpol heranwagte, wie noch niemand zuvor. [66] He confided in his diary: "I have become more and more convinced we ought to turn before time. This he did remarkably quickly, producing 300,000 words of Norwegian text by November 1896; the English translation, titled Farthest North, was ready in January 1897. [9] On 17 July the ship broke free from the ice, and early in August was back in Norwegian waters. Tributes arrived from all over the world; typical was that from the British mountaineer Edward Whymper, who wrote that Nansen had made "almost as great an advance as has been accomplished by all other voyages in the nineteenth century put together". Explorer who led four Arctic expeditions and won the Nobel Prize for Peace for helping populations displaced by war. Fridtjof Nansen. Oct. 10 (UPI) — Google is celebrating adventurer Fridtjof Nansen on what would have been his 156th birthday with a new Doodle. ", and received the reply "Yes, I am Nansen. Even before this work was complete, Nansen was involved in a further humanitarian effort. Nansen and his companions on board the Fram were given a rousing welcome, which reached its climax on their arrival in Kristiania on September 9. [64] Nansen allowed 50 days to cover the 356 nautical miles (660 km; 410 mi) to the pole, an average daily journey of seven nautical miles (13 km; 8 mi). The inland ice had a treacherous surface with many hidden crevasses and the weather was bad. Fridtjof Wedel-Jarlsberg Nansen (Norwegian: [ˈfɾɪ̂tːjɔf ˈnɑ̀nsn̩]; 10 October 1861 – 13 May 1930) was a Norwegian polymath and Nobel Peace Prize laureate. [27] The party battled northward along the coast through the ice floes for the next 12 days. Best known for the Fram expedition: An attempt to reach the North Pole by using the natural drift of the polar ice in the ship Fram, carrying fuel and provisions for twelve men for five years. The Fridtjof Nansen-class frigates are the main surface combatant units of the Royal Norwegian Navy, the lead ship of this warship-class is Fridtjof Nansen F310. Fridtjof Nansen received world-wide notoriety after being awarded the 1922 Nobel Peace Prize. From 1925 onwards, Nansen devoted much time trying to help Armenian refugees, victims of Armenian Genocide at the hands of the Ottoman Empire during the First World War and further ill-treatment thereafter. They restarted the watches based on Nansen's guess they were at 86°E. The marriage was resented by the Nansen children, and proved unhappy; an acquaintance writing of them in the 1920s said Nansen appeared unbearably miserable and Sigrun steeped in hate. Progress stopped for three days because of violent storms and continuous rain one time. As a young man Nansen was a great outdoor athlete, an accomplished skater and skier, and a keen hunter and fisherman. [112], In 1905, he had supplied the Swedish physicist Walfrid Ekman with the data which established the principle in oceanography known as the Ekman spiral. Oktober 1861 in Store Frøen bei Christiania, heute Oslo; † 13. After a week of travel, a sextant observation indicated they averaged nine nautical miles (17 km; 10 mi) per day, which put them ahead of schedule. Nansen also dealt with other subjects: for instance, his Nord i tåkeheimen, 2 vol. [40], On 11 August 1889 Nansen announced his engagement to Eva Sars, the daughter of Michael Sars, a zoology professor who had died when Eva was 11 years old. [55] The first weeks in the ice were frustrating, as the drift moved unpredictably; sometimes north, sometimes south. [183], The Royal Norwegian Navy launched the first of a series of five Fridtjof Nansen-class frigates in 2004, with HNoMS Fridtjof Nansen as its lead ship. [170] Immediately after his death the League set up the Nansen International Office for Refugees, a semi-autonomous body under the League's authority, to continue his work. Fridtjof Nansen was a Norwegian explorer, oceanographer, humanitarian, diplomat, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate. [131], In April 1920, at the League's request, Nansen began organising the repatriation of around half a million prisoners of war, stranded in various parts of the world. Fridtjof Nansen Zodiac Sign is Libra, Ethnicity Not Known & religion Not Available.. Fridtjof Nansen Net Worth 2018. He gained prominence at various points in his life as an explorer, scientist, diplomat and humanitarian. [136] Nansen had to rely largely on fundraising from private organisations, and his efforts met with limited success. "[73] Whether this still-distant land was Franz Josef Land or a new discovery they did not know—they had only a rough sketch map to guide them. [138], While attending the Conference of Lausanne in November 1922, Nansen learned that he had been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for 1922. [105] He also wrote a book, Norway and the Union with Sweden, to promote Norway's case abroad. The Ms Fridtjof Nansen also contains some smaller rig like boats known as Zodiacs. [142] His goal was the establishment of a national home for these refugees, within the borders of Soviet Armenia. Progress was impeded by fog and ice conditions in the mainly uncharted seas.[53]. Fridtjof Nansen . It occurred to him that it ought to be possible to cross it, and gradually he developed a plan, which he announced in 1887. Es ist das dritte norwegische Forschungsschiff mit diesem Namen. Fridtjof Nansen Quotes “Never keep a line of retreat: it is a wretched invention.” – Fridtjof Nansen “Alas! Although he retired from exploration after his return to Norway, his techniques of polar travel and his innovations in equipment and clothing influence… Fridtjof Wedel-Jarlsberg Nansen (Norwegian: [²fɾɪtːjɔf ˈnɑnsn̩]; 10 October 1861 – 13 May 1930) was a Norwegian explorer, scientist, diplomat, humanitarian and Nobel Peace Prize laureate. [145] The book was translated into many languages. The Fram also reached Norway safely, having drifted north to 85°57′. In 1882 he was appointed curator of zoology at the Bergen museum. Nansen himself was an atheist. [12], Nansen did not resume formal studies at the university. Nansen soon learned no ship was likely to call at Godthaab until the following spring. His research ultimately led to a dissertation on the central nervous system of the hagfish. Members of Greely's 1881–1884 expedition had achieved this latitude travelling north from Greenland. [130] He became president of the Norwegian League of Nations Society, and although the Scandinavian nations with their traditions of neutrality initially held themselves aloof, his advocacy helped to ensure that Norway became a full member of the League in 1920, and he became one of its three delegates to the League's General Assembly. [165] Among the many tributes paid to him subsequently was that of Lord Robert Cecil, a fellow League of Nations delegate, who spoke of the range of Nansen's work, done with no regard for his own interests or health: "Every good cause had his support. Boldly rescued his crew and became a hero 's welcome in Norway that should the Labour... 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