A survey was conducted in Tanzania and Uganda to assess the distribution of Pseudocercospora species and severity of Sigatoka leaf diseases.Pseudocercospora species were identified using species‐specific primers. 6. 1994. Deighton; International Common Names. For example, the Cavendish cultivars that are the mainstays of the export trades are pure triploid Ph.D. dissertation, Universität Göttingen, 1989. 1990. Sigatoka – Sigatoka, also known as leaf spot, is caused by the fungus Mycospharella musicola. Black sigatoka was found in the banana production area at Tully, North Queensland in April 2001 and an emergency response occurred. Annual Report, 1993. Black sigatoka was detected on several Torres Strait islands between Australia and Papua New Guinea and on the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula in 1981. However, productivity has been declining, partly due to diseases such as Sigatoka leaf diseases. Gauhl, F. 1994. The centre of each spot dries out and changes colour to a pale grey or beige. 8. Put in place biosecurity best practice actions to prevent entry, establishment and spread of pests and diseases: Fishing closures, restrictions and permits, Volunteer non-commercial kangaroo shooting, NSW Hunting Stakeholder Consultation Group, Zoonoses - Animal diseases that can infect people, Forest contractor training and certification scheme, Potato cyst nematodes pest information and biosecurity, Schedule 2 of the NSW Biosecurity Act 2015, Call the Exotic Plant Pest Hotline 1800 084 881, ensure all staff and visitors are instructed in and adhere to your business management hygiene requirements, source propagation material of a known high health status from reputable suppliers, isolate banana plants or areas where suspect symptoms are observed. M. sapientum (the sweet dessert bananas, of which Silk AAB is the type cultivar) are invalid and no longer used. Black sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis) is a notifiable plant pest/disease in NSW. 1990. (Disease Note) Plant Disease 83:300. Mourichon, X., J. Carlier, and Fouré. … This fungal disease is a serious threat to Australia’s banana industry. 7. The major diseases reported were banana streak virus disease, yellow sigatoka, panama wilt and banana bunchy top. First report of black Sigatoka in Florida. Genet. Under high rainfall and humidity, these lesions will coalesce and kill the entire leaf. A distinctive black border surrounds each spot. Carlier, J., X. Mourichon,  D. Gonzâlez de León, M.F. 1999. Management of Sigatoka Leaf Spot Disease in Banana crop. Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet [anamorph: Ortiz, R. 1995. pp. Montpellier, France. The fungal disease causes dark leaf spots that eventually enlarge and coalesce, causing much of the leaf area to turn yellow and brown. Black Sigatoka is caused by the ascomycete, Yet, as fungicides continue to lose their effectiveness against black Sigatoka, and as the practice of fungicidal disease control becomes more expensive and less appealing to consumers in the importing countries, the trades may eventually be forced into making the difficult transition away from the Cavendish clones. With the exception of chlorothalonil, these fungicides are usually mixed with petroleum-based spray oils. There are quite a number of banana plant diseases that can afflict this plant as well. In total, it has been estima​ted that the costs of control are ultimately responsible for 15-20% of the final retail price of these fruit in the importing countries. English: leaf spot of banana; yellow Sigatoka; Spanish: Sigatoka amarilla del banano; French: cercosporiose du bananier; cercosporiose jaune 1997. FHIA has developed numerous dessert, plantain and cooking hybrids, several of which have been tested in the International Due to their greater abundance and small size, ascospores are more important than conidia in spreading the disease within plants and plantations. This fungal disease is a serious threat to Australia’s banana industry. It is not present on mainland Australia. Banana is now one of the most popular of all fruits. 12. When they are mixed in water emulsions with fungicides, the resulting “cocktails” provide superior disease control. The phylogeny and classification of the Zingiberales. Women selling fruit of Dwarf Cavendish AAA  and Pisang awak ABB  in a market in Karonga, Malawi, East Africa. Their great expense makes them essentially unavailable to small-holder farmers who grow this crop, it is these producers who are affected most by this important disease. 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