The combining ability of the parental lines and hybrids has recently been used to select parental lines for future crossing strategies and screen the hybrids for commercial cultivation [77]. 2003;302:81–4. CAS Liu G, Campbell BC, Godwin ID. 2012;47(8):1095–102. [161]. Pittelkow CM, Linquist BA, Lundy ME, Liang X, van Groenigen KJ, Lee J, van Gestel N, Six J, Venterea RT, van Kessel C. When does no-till yield more? Adaptability and stability study of selected sweet sorghum genotypes for ethanol production under different environments using AMMI analysis and GGE biplots. Rao PS, Kumar CG, Prakasham RS, Rao AU, Reddy BVS. Water and nitrogen use efficiencies of sweet sorghum seedlings are improved under water stress. A simple and efficient Agrobacterium mediated procedure for transformation of tomato. Sweet sorghum–based ethanol-producing distilleries have been established in China, India, and elsewhere. Genetics. ICRISAT; 2009. In: Bioenergy and biorefinery conference-Southeast Asia 23–25 March 2011; Singapore. Alcohol production with sweet sorghum stem is a very complicated work . Afr J Biotechnol. 1 and hybrids Chuntian No. Ind Crops Prod. International review of cell and molecular biology, vol. Chinese sorghum is also called kaoliang. 2000;61:169–73. Differential expression of sugar-metabolizing enzymes and sugar transporters might have an important role in carbon portioning in sweet sorghum vis-à-vis grain sorghum. Furthermore, there are several unexplored areas of research, which can have huge impact on sorghum cultivation. British Petroleum. It is the only crop that provides grain and stem that can be used for sugar, alcohol, syrup, jaggery, fodder, fuel, bedding, roofing, fencing, paper and chewing. BMC Plant Biol. production for biofuel because these carbohydrates are easily converted to ethanol. Genet Resour Crop Evol. Taxon. 2016. Tapping the US sweet sorghum collection to identify biofuel germplasm. Functional annotation of the transcriptome of Sorghum bicolor in response to osmotic stress and abscisic acid. Differential characteristics of photochemical acclimation to cold in two contrasting sweet sorghum hybrids. Biotechnol Biofuels 10, 146 (2017). One species, Sorghum bicolor, native to Africa with many cultivated forms now, is an important crop worldwide, used for food (as grain and in sorghum syrup or "sorghum molasses"), animal fodder, the production of alcoholic beverages, and biofuels… Biotechnology for Biofuels This can serve as an important resource to improve carbon assimilation efficiency through breeding programs. Although, ethanol can be produced from sweet sorghum grain (Figure 1) but it needs more process for converting it's starch to glucose that later will be converted to ethanol (Jacques et al., 1999). Field Crops Res. Anami SE, Zhang LM, Xia Y, Zhang YM, Liu ZQ, Jing HC. Article Whitfield MB, Chinn MS, Veal MW. Mace ES, Jordan DR. Further characterization of their biosynthetic pathways and mechanism of action will help to utilize these chemicals to induce pathogen resistance in Sorghum. Yamaguchi M, Fujimoto H, Hirano K, Araki-Nakamura S, Ohmae-Shinohara K, Fujii A, Tsunashima M, Song XJ, Ito Y, Nagae R, et al. These mutants in sorghum were first developed at Purdue University via chemical mutagenesis [171] and are an important resource for breeding. Acta Physiol Plant. 1). Nat Commun. Almodares A, Sepahi A. Energy Sustain Dev. We have recently performed a comprehensive analysis of TCP proteins in sorghum and prioritized sorghum TCP proteins important for governing the plant architecture and abiotic stress tolerance [192]. Plant Gene. A high-density genetic recombination map of sequence-tagged sites for sorghum, as a framework for comparative structural and evolutionary genomics of tropical grains and. In: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, http://oar.icrisat.org/2598/, Patancheru, India: ICRISAT; 2006. p. 1–24. Sweetfuel. Another group of plants termed halophytes can have huge impact on biofuel industry as they can grow on coastal areas and would not compete for fresh water resources [16]. Kong W, Jin H, Franks CD, Kim C, Bandopadhyay R, Rana MK, Auckland SA, Goff VH, Rainville LK, Burow GB, et al. http://www.sweetfuel-project.eu/. These include SSV 74, SSV 84, CSV 19SS, and CSV 24SS [44]. Also, sugarcane is not a salt tolerant plant. Although this collection possesses majority of the germplasm adapted to temperate climate, it likely has a narrow genetic base as only six genotypes (MN960, MN1048, MN1054, MN1056, MN1060, and MN1500) from Africa have been used for developing many of these varieties [71]. Genome sequencing and analysis of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon. Optimized Agrobacterium-mediated sorghum transformation protocol and molecular data of transgenic sorghum plants. Keywords: Single cell oil, Rhodosporidium toruloides, Sweet sorghum, Enzymatic saccharification, Biodiesel 1040;2015(16):1–11. Bihmidine and colleagues [168] employed tracer dye to uncover mechanisms leading to differences in carbohydrate portioning in sweet sorghum and grain sorghum. 2017;. Assessment of genetic diversity and relationship among a collection of US sweet sorghum germplasm by SSR markers. IIMR has developed SPV 2018, a low lignin and highly digestible brown midrib variety, that has been tested extensively under all India trials and was registered with the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), India in 2015. It hosts the botanical and agronomic information of 52,575 accessions of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. Cultivation and uses. One-degree Brix is equal to 1 g of sugar per 100 g of juice. Juice, ethanol and grain yield potential of five sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) cultivars. Basu and coworkers [154] used shoot apical meristems for genetic transformation through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Sci Agric Sin. is a drought-tolerant crop with high resistance to saline- alkaline soils, and sweet sorghum may serve as an alternative summer crop for biofuel production in 2015;4(3):159–77. The advantages of sweet sorghum for ethanol production In terms of ethanol production, sweet sorghum provides many advantages over other bioenergy crops such as maize and sugar cane. International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) has a large repository for S. bicolor (L.) Moench and is estimated to have about 80% of the variability present in this crop. Shakoor N, Nair R, Crasta O, Morris G, Feltus A, Kresovich S. A Sorghum bicolor expression atlas reveals dynamic genotype-specific expression profiles for vegetative tissues of grain, sweet and bioenergy sorghums. 2011;12(356):1–12. Biotechnol Biofuels. The first sorghum transgenic plants were generated through particle bombardment using a Biolistic PDS 1000/He system [152]. BP statistical review of world energy 2016. Lignin content in cell wall of a plant determines its digestibility and therefore, varieties with reduced lignin content are preferred to produce cellulosic ethanol. Sweet sorghum provides high yields of sugar in a manner similar to sugar cane, and similarly requires … Casas AM, Kononowicz AK, Zehr UB, Tomes DT, Axtell JD, Butler LG, Bressan RA, Hasegawa PM. Burow G, Franks C, Zhanguo X, Burke J. Terms and Conditions, A novel significant association for brix on chromosome 1 carrying a gene encoding for glucose-6-phosphate isomerase homolog was identified [71]. Zhang F, Wang Y, Yu H, Zhu K, Zhang Z, Zou FL. Authors have listed a comprehensive list of 350 QTLs related to biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in sorghum. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review CA as a sustainable production system for sweet sorghum as a potential biofuel feedstock. Anami SE, Zhang LM, Xia Y, Zhang YM, Liu ZQ, Jing HC. Several miRNA families have been identified that show varied expression in grain and sweet sorghums [124] and may be important for regulation of sugar accumulation. Amali P, Kingsley SJ, Ignacimuthu S. Enhanced plant regeneration involving somatic embryogenesis from shoot tip explants of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Murray SC, Sharma A, Rooney WL, Klein PE, Mullet JE, Mitchell SE, Kresovich S. Genetic improvement of sorghum as a biofuel feedstock: I. QTL for stem sugar and grain nonstructural carbohydrates. Very recently, McCormick and colleagues have reported an improved assembly as well as annotation of sorghum genome, as preprint version on bioRxiv (http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/02/21/110593: Accessed on April 7, 2017). Several QTLs associated with flowering days and anthesis date have been identified [165, 187, 188]. By collating these data with other publically available sorghum expression data, authors have developed an exclusive expression database for sorghum named MOROKOSHI [122]. Ritter KB, Jordan DR, Chapman SC, Godwin ID, Mace ES, McIntyre CL. However, viability of sweet sorghum as a multipurpose crop needs to be worked out at several fronts. Some of these including ICSB 631 and ICSB 264 are selected as seed parents, whereas Seredo, ICSR 93034, S 35, ICSV 700, ICSV 93046, E 36-1, NTJ 2, and Entry 64 DTN are used as the male parents [81]. could further improve sorghum’s yield, sweet sorghum may replace jatropha as the biofuel of the future. Whole-genome sequencing reveals untapped genetic potential in Africa’s indigenous cereal crop sorghum. Cereals in China. According to U.S. Department of Agriculture, the ratio of energy invested to energy obtained during biofuel extraction from sweet sorghum is estimated as 1:8 [35], which may further be improved using engineering and molecular breeding technologies. In possibly one of the largest government grants given to anyone for research on a single feedstock, the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center . The sweet sorghum hybrid Shennong No. Mol Breed. Sharma MK, Sharma R, Cao P, Harkenrider M, Jenkins J, Grimwood J, Zhang J, Udvardi MK, Schmutz J, Ronald PC. Approximately 34,000 protein-coding genes have been annotated from sorghum genome coding for >47,000 transcripts. et al. Genetic diversity in a collection of Chinese sorghum landraces assessed by microsatellites. Genetics. London: BP P.L.C. In: Paterson AH, editor. Such regions can be used to engineer insect resistance in sorghum. Geng S, Hills FJ, Johnson SS, Sah RN. Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. In: Statistical review of world energy, vol. Plant Physiol. Chopra R, Burow G, Hayes C, Emendack Y, Xin Z, Burke J. Transcriptome profiling and validation of gene based single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in sorghum genotypes with contrasting responses to cold stress. Comparison among sweet sorghum cultivars, lines and hybrids for sugar production. Sugar Tech. Mexico City: CIMMYT; 2010. p. 97–108. 2014;16(2):133–43. Hoffmann-Thoma G, Hinkel K, Nicolay P, Willenbrink J. Sucrose accumulation in sweet sorghum stem internodes in relation to growth. Lu X-P, Yun J-F, Gao C-P, Acharya S. Quantitative trait loci analysis of economically important traits in Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense hybrid. research and other studies indicate that sweet sorghum can be used as a feedstock for ethanol production under hot and dry climatic conditions. ) represses Sorghum flowering in long days: Ghd7 alleles enhance biomass accumulation and grain production. Authors acknowledge financial support through UPOE-II, JNU, and PURSE grant from Department of Science & Technology, Government of India. Paterson AH. It has potential to solve two major issues. Sweet sorghum is also much more water-efficient than most biofuel crops. Am J Plant Sci. Biofuels can be derived from plant as well as animal biomass. [119] performed RNAseq with profile of contrasting cold responsive genotypes to identify differentially expressed genes in response to cold stress, whereas Sui and coworkers [120] compared transcript profiles of two sweet sorghum lines, M81E (salt tolerant) and ROMA (salt sensitive) to evaluate response to salt stress and corresponding increase in sugar content. Several hybrids including SPH 1713, DMS 8A × RSSV76, DMS 26A × SSV 74, DMS 30A × SSV 74, and varieties like SPV 2074 have been developed that give superior ethanol yields as compared to CSH 22SS. Extensive usage of these crops as biofuel feedstock will not only threaten food security but would also compete with other food crops for irrigation and arable land resources. Similarly, regeneration media are designated as MSR, MBR, and NBR. Plant Cell. Plant Signal Behav. Apparently, there is an urgent need to explore the sustainable energy sources, which can not only fulfill our energy needs but more importantly mitigate the adverse impact on the environment. Hufnagel B, de Sousa SM, Assis L, Guimaraes CT, Leiser W, Azevedo GC, Negri B, Larson BG, Shaff JE, Pastina MM, et al. In: US patents US 7985890 B2; 2011. In: A research roadmap resulting from the biomass to biofuels workshop sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Rockville, Maryland, U.S.: DOE/SC-0095. Rice. Industrial crops: breeding for bioenergy and bioproducts. 2012;5(3):748–58. Biofuels are the only source of liquid transportation fuel that is both renewable and compatible with the existing fleet of vehicles. Snider JL, Raper RL, Schwab EB. 2014;4(9):1593–602. 321. Raghuwanshi and Birch [144] evaluated 32 sweet sorghum genotypes for embryogenic callus production. In: Presented before the spring meeting of the Southern District: March 7–9; American Petroleum Institute, Plaza Hotel, San Antonio, Texas, March 7–9; 1956. Tian and colleagues have constructed a more comprehensive Sorghum Functional Genomics Database that compiles information about gene attributes, pathways, orthologs, gene expression, and miRNAs predicted from sorghum [126]. Grassl Sci. Overall, optimization of media composition is an essential prerequisite for optimizing the regeneration system for a specific cultivar/variety. Agric Sci China. Besides ethanol, acetone, butanol, lactic acid, butyric acid, hydrogen, and methane are other fermentation products that can be produced. These locations are used to evaluate sorghum varieties and hybrids for several agronomic traits under different environmental conditions. Apart from breeding for important traits like juice content, biomass yield, and stress tolerance, trials for environment-specific varieties are in progress through multi-location and on-farm testing [78]. 2015;24:1–8. Race kafir has contributed to many intermediate varieties in Tanzania and regions of South Africa. Qazi et al. Yu H, Cong L, Zhu Z, Wang C, Zou J, Tao C, Shi Z, Lu X. 2010;9(16):2367–74. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Cultivated varieties of sorghum exhibit diverse phenotypic and morphological traits. Able JA, Rathus C, Godwin ID. Doggett H. Sorghum (Tropical Agriculture Series). SS-AGR-293. Proportion and composition of sugar content in sweet sorghum stalks is a critical factor when considering it as a potential biofuel feedstock. CSH 22SS is tolerant to anthracnose, grain mold, and downy mildew; SSV 84 has tolerance against shoot fly, aphids, and rust; CSV 19SS has shoot fly tolerance; CSV 24SS has resistance to shoot fly and stem borer [78]. 2003;165:367–86. The country’s fuel demand continues to be strong, yet producers would like to expand sugar production to take advantage of high global prices. The sweet sorghum germplasm exhibits tradeoffs between sugar content and biomass yields with some genotypes containing high sugar content with lower biomass, while others usually with lower sugar yields have high stalk biomass [42]. Elucidation of polymorphic genetic loci in sweet sorghum through various marker systems is also gaining momentum. Yield of sweet sorghum is directly affected by the planting time. Codesido V, Vacas R, Macarulla B, Gracia MP, Igartua E. Agronomic and digital phenotyping evaluation of sweet sorghum public varieties and F1 hybrids with potential for ethanol production in Spain. Lekgari AL. 1995;40:153–7. BMC Genom. Theor Appl Genet. In: Missouri Soil Fertility and Fertilizers Research Update 2008. Seetharama N, Sairam RV, Rani TS. 2013;126(8):2051–64. 2016;16(115):1–18. They used this population to construct a genetic map with 157 AFLP, SSR, and EST-SSR markers. Res Crops. Biotechnol Biofuels. Theor Appl Genet. Sorghum plants produce two antimicrobial compounds (luteolinidin and apigeninidin), known as phytoalexins that help plants to protect themselves from pathogens [194]. Biofuel is produced by squeezing the juice of the plant and then fermenting it into ethanol. However, there is a need to address some core issues to make sweet sorghum a popular choice for biofuel production by entrepreneurs and farmers. Sui N, Yang Z, Liu M, Wang B. BMC Genom. Agribusiness. Therefore, production of biofuel crops will compromise the main goal of biofuel production … 2012;37(1):527–35. 2009;37(1):181–9. It is most highly expressed in storage tissues like stem and may contribute to enhanced phloem loading and sugar transport to stem in sweet sorghum varieties [129]. 2001;37(3):341–8. accessions in Sudan. Many promising sweet sorghum varieties have been identified at ICRISAT among the naturally occurring genotypes through a specialized program for the identification of varieties for breeding purposes. Ensembl Plants is another cyber infrastructure developed as a part of European Plant Genomics infrastructure and hosts genomic data for various plant species. Google Scholar. The origins of C4 grasslands: integrating evolutionary and ecosystem science. 65 ed. Sweet sorghum-a promising alternative feedstock for biofuel production. High-throughput transcriptomic technologies such as microarrays and RNAseq have revolutionized the scope and scale of gene expression analysis in plants, and sorghum is no exception. Background „Assessment of energy and greenhouse gas inventories of Sweet Sorghum for first and second generation bio-ethanol“ Report commissioned by the Food and Agriculture … Crop Sci. Sharma R, Cao P, Jung KH, Sharma MK, Ronald PC. Toward a systems approach to understanding plant cell walls. 2016;9(127):1–12. Burning of fossil fuels has led to significant increase in the global carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, which in turn is contributing to the global warming with extreme changes in climate and weather, worldwide [1]. Conditioning plant height and flowering time demarcates the end of vegetative phase and therefore, sweet sorghum cultivars 84! ( 10227 ) submitted to Department of Science & technology, Government of India, and SBI07, into! Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Millets research: annual report, 16 hybrids and 23 varieties are being for... 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